DIRECT AND INDIRECT

FORMAL:

·         If the main verb of the sentence is in the past (e.g. said) the verb in the noun clause is usually also in the past from

·         When the main verb of the sentence is in the present (e.g. says) no change is made in the verb tense or modal in the noun clause.

o   Ex:

§  He says,” I work hard.” (direct)

§  He says that he works hard. (Indirect)

§  He says,” I’m working hard.” (Direct)

§  He says that he is working hard.

Notice the verb form changes in the example below!

Direct	Indirect
He said,” I work hard”	He said that he worked hard
He said,” I’m working hard.”	He said that he was working hard.
He said,” I have worked hard.”	He said that he had worked hard.
He said,” I worked hard.”	He said that he had worked hard.
He said,” I’m going to work hard.”	He said that he was going to work hard.
He said,” I will work hard”	He said that he would work hard.
He said,” I can work hard.”	He said that he could work hard.
He said,” I may work hard.”	He said that he might work hard.
He said,” I have to work hard.”	He said that he had to work hard.
He said,” He must work hard.”	He said that he had to work hard.
He said,” I should work hard.”	He said that he should work hard. (no change)
He said,” I ought to work hard.”	He said that he ought to work hard. (no change)

YES/NO QUESTION

                                  = SHE                                                                   = HE      

Direct	Indirect
He asked,” Do you have a pen?”	He asked If she had a pen.
He asked,” Did you bring dictionaries?”	He asked whether she had brought dictionaries.
He asked,” Has you cooked for dinner?”	He asked if she had cooked for dinner.
He asked,” Will we back here?”	He asked whether they would back there.
He asked,” are you sick?”	He asked if she was sick.
He asked,” are they coming to the class?”	He asked whether they were coming to the class.

WH QUESTION

Direct	Indirect
He asked,” What are you doing?”	He asked what she was doing.
He asked,” when will I get turn?”	He asked when he would get turn.
He asked,” where does she want to go?”	He asked where she wanted to go.
He asked,” How did you do that?”	He asked how she had done that.
He asked,” who has stolen the car?”	He asked who has stolen the car.
He asked,” why was you blaming on me?”	He asked why she had been blaming on him.

IMPERATIVE SENTENCE

Direct	Indirect
Miss Nina commands,” Bring me that book!”	Miss Nina commands to bring her that book.
Asep ordered,” Take this!”	Asep ordered to take that.
Gilang said,”Do’n’t worry be happy!”	Gilang said not to worry be happy.
Sania commands,” Don’t touch me!	Sania commands not to touch her.
Guntur suggested ,”Let us do it”	Guntur suggested that we should do it.
Anggi suggested,” Let us pray together!”	Anggi suggested that we should pray together.

WHEN IT COMES TO ADVERB OF TIME

Direct	Indirect	Example
Now	then	Direct : Bintang said,” I go out of town now.” Indirect : Bintang said that he went out of town then.
Tomorrow	The following day	Direct : Bintang said,” I am going out of town tomorrow.” Indirect : Bintang said that he was going out of town the following day.
Next week	The following week	Direct : Bintang said,” I am going out of town next week.” Indirect : Bintang said that he was going out of town the following week.
Tonight	That night	Direct : Bintang said,” I am going out of town tonight.” Indirect : Bintang said that he was going out of town that night.
Today	That day	Direct : Bintang said,” I am going out of town today.” Indirect : Bintang said that he was going out of town that day.
yesterday	The day before	Direct : Bintang said,” I was going out of town yesterday.” Indirect : Bintang said that he had been going out of town the day before.
Last night	The night before	Direct : Bintang said,” I was going out of town last night.” Indirect : Bintang said that he was going out of town the night before
Last week	The week before	Direct : Bintang said,” I was going out of town last week.” Indirect : Bintang said that he was going out of town the week before
Here	There	Direct : Santo said,” I live here.” Indirect : Santo said that he lived there.
This	That	Direct : Nina said,” I like this hat.” Indirect : Nina said that she liked that hat
These	those	Direct : Maya said,” I will buy all these bags.” Indirect: Maya said that she would buy all those bags.

Narrative exercise and homework

Do this exercise and answer the questions below the exercises!
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"The Stronger Man"

Gap-fill exercise of narrative text

Fill in all the gaps with choosing the word in the bracket!

This is narrative text! Choose the best verb which is fit with narrative text!

There (is/was) once a very famous general. He (is/was) a very strong, fine, tall man. He (was/is) fond of saying that he (will/would) give all the money in his purse to any man who (was/is) stronger than himself.

One day, when the general (was/is) out riding with some friends, his horse (stumble/stumbled) and cast a shoe. There (was/is) led up to the door of blacksmith.

The Blacksmith (was/is) also a fine tall man, with broad shoulders and strong arms. The general (ask/asked) him to going out one of his best horse-shoes.

The blacksmith (did/do) so. Then the general looking at it, said “This is poor stuff. It will not stand work. Look here!” he (take/took) it in his strong hands and with one twist, he (break/broke) the iron like a biscuit.

For a moment the blacksmith (looked/look) at him. he (brought/bring) out another shoe, which the general (brought/bring) in the same way. Then the general said, “I see it no use picking and choosing among such a trashy lot. Give me another shoe, and let me go away.

The blacksmith (brought/bring) another shoe and (fitted/fit) it on the horse. Then the general (tossed/toss) him a gold coin. The blacksmith (held/hold) it up to the light and said, “this coin of yours is poor stuff, my lord. Look here”

he (take/took) the coin between his finger and thumb, and with one pinch, he (cracked/crack) it in two like a wafer.

It was now the general's turn to stare. He (give/gave) the man a second coin,and it (was/is) broken in the same way.

Then the blacksmith said, “I see it is no use picking and choosing such a trashy lot, give me another coin and we will say goodbye.”

The general (looked/look) at him, then burst into a laugh, “Fairly caught!”. He then said, “My man, i (promise/promised) all the money in my purse to anyone I (meet/met)stronger than myself. Here it is, it is yours. Now come along with me and serve as smith in my army. You shall not repent having met me.

And the general (was/is) as good as his word.

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Homework:
Do these questions on a piece of paper and submit it to me in the next meeting!
1. What is the titled of the text?
2. Which paragraph is orientation? Why?
3. Which paragraphs are complication? State the problem?
4. Which paragraph is resolution?
5. What do you get from the story?
6. what is the purpose of the text (of narrative text)?
7. why did the general go to the blacksmith?
8. what did the general do to the horse-shoes?
9. what did make the general realized that the blacksmith are stronger than him?
10. What do you think about the general?

Homework of Narrative

Here, I provide you a link to someone blog.
Do the exercise and send your answer to my email: rahmannia.myta@gmail.com.
or
you can write your answer in a piece of paper and give the homework straight to me in the next meeting.
Click here=> The link

Narrative text

Do you like reading stories?
What kind of stories do you like?
Does it folktales, story-tales, myth?
Do you know that all types of story (word in italic) above include in types of narrative story?

Do you know that narrative story is include in this order?
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4 Re-orientation (optional)

Does it the true answer of the generic structure of narrative text?
Of course it is.

Talking about "orientation", what is orientation?
Orientation is a part of narrative text that appears in the beginning of paragraph. Usually, this part is talking about the name of characters, the place where the story take place and the time when the story begins.

Then, What is "complication"?
Complication is placed after orientation.This part is talking about the rising problem. When the problem is start until the crisis point (climax).

How about resolution?
Resolution is when the problem is solve or ended.

Last, what us Re-orientation?
Re-orientation is the ending of the story which may consist of closing re-mark of the story, moral lesson, advice or teaching from the writer.

Example: 

SLEEPING BEAUTY

ORIENTATION	Once upon a time, there was a king and a queen. They really wanted to have a baby. When the queen gave birth to a daughter, they were very happy. They threw a party and invited six good fairies to celebrate.
COMPLICATION	Six fairies came to the party. They gave the princess present of intelligence, happiness, goodness, health and wealth. Before the sixth good fairy could give her present, a wicked fairy burst into the party. The fairy was so angry because the king and the queen did not invite her to the party. She cursed on the baby: “On her sixteenth birthday, the princess will prick her finger on a needle from a spinning wheel and die.” She screamed. The sixth good fairy used her magic to soften the curse. “The princess will not die, but she will fall into a deep sleep for a hundred years,” she said. The king and the queen banned all spinning wheels from the kingdom and hoped that the curse would never come true.                 On her sixteenth birthday, the princess found an old woman spinning. She wanted to spin, but pricked her finger and fell into a deep, deep sleep. The curse had come true! The old woman laughed and 4disappeared. The king and the queen found the princess and put her on to bed. But soon everyone in the castle felt fast asleep, too.
RESOLUTION	One hundred years passed and a large forest grew around the castle. Then, one day, a prince came by the forest. A pathway magically opened in front of him and led him to the princess. When he found the princess, she thought that she was so pretty that he kissed her. The kiss broke the spell and the whole castle woke up. Eventually, the prince and the princess lived happily ever after.

Sumber:

a.       Mukarto, Sujatmiko, dkk. My English Workbook!.2b. Jakarta:Erlangga

b.      Sulistiani, Kus.H. bahasa inggris untuk SMA/MA kelas 11 Semester 1. Jakarta: Pratama Mitra Aksara

Advice

Asking advice

 Do you have any suggestion for me?
 Will you give me some suggestion, please?
 Any idea?
 Please tell me what should I do?
 What do you suggest?
 What do you advise me to do?
 What should I do?
 If you were me what would you do?

Giving Advice

• If I were you, I would…
• Why don’t you…?
• You ought to/should…
• If you take my advice, you…
• I think you should …
• You'd better....
• You could (might)....
• I suggest that you....
• I recommend that you
• You really should....
• I strongly advise you to...

Accepting Advice

 That's a good /nice /wonderful idea.
 Yeah, sure.
 Thank you. I'll try that.
 Why didn't I think of that?
 I think you're right.
 That's sounds good.
 Sure. I'll do that.

Refusing Advice

 I don't think so.
 I tried that, but it didn't work.
 Thanks, but that won't help because....
 I don't want to do that because....
 That's a good idea, but....
 I'm afraid I can't do that…
 I think it can't solve my problem.

Example:
Mr. Martin : Antonio, you did not do your homework again. What’s wrong? I believe that you are a diligent student, but why?
Antonio : I’m sorry Mr. Martin! My schedule as a singer is full now. So, I just have no time to do it.
Mr. Martin : It’s your obligation as a student here. You should do it. You’d better tell your mom to decrease your schedule.
Antonio : I tried that, but it didn't work. So, please tell me what should I do?
Mr. Martin :  if you take my advice, let me speak with your mom.
Antonio : That’s sounds good.

Comparing text

Instruction:
1. Read texts below!
2. Which one is analytical exposition and which one is hortatory exposition?
3. Give reasons!


How to submit:
You can choose this way:
1. Write your answer in a paper and submit it right to me!
2. Send me the home-works through E-mail (rahmannia.myta@gmail.com)!


Text 1:
Controlling Children Using Computer
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Computer and internet are useful as well as powerful. Information about health and safe usage of computer and Internet, especially for children, should be owned by each family. Computer connected to internet is powerful way to socialize with others. It can be good but also bad effect. Recently we hear a lot of children get the advantage of social networking sites but we often see the news about the disadvantage of it for children. Healthy and safety of computer and Internet usage should continue to be campaigned.

The role of parent in assisting and directing children in using computer is very necessary. Installation of software monitor such as key logger which has function to watch and note all activities relating to keyboard usage is helpful but not enough to protect children from potential harms. Children tend to hide what they have done in front of the computer to their parent. They see that all of they have done are their privacy and no one may know.

We can not prevent children from using computer because it is multifunctional. However, many parents worry about what their kids do in front of the computer; whether they are doing homework or even just playing games. Or spending all time to surf internet which is the materials do not fit with his age. There is a tendency, especially teenagers, want to become acquainted with many strangers out side. The lack parental supervision of children's activities is likely to pose a potential danger to them. So parental monitor against the use of computers needs to be done from time to time.
http://www.englishdirection.com/2010/12/controlling-children-using-computer.html



Text 2:
The Importance Of Reading


I personally think that reading is a very important activity in our life. Why do I say so?

Firstly, by reading we can get a lot of knowledge about many things in the world such as Science, technology, sports, arts, culture, etc written in either books, magazine, newspaper, etc.

Secondly, by reading we can get a lot of news and information about something happening in any parts of the world which can we see directly.

Another reason, reading can give us pleasure too. When we are tired, we read books, novel, comic, newspaper or magazine on the entertainment column such as comedy, short story, quiz, etc. To make us relaxed.

The last, reading can also take us to other parts of the world. By reading a book about Irian Jaya we may feel we’re really sitting in the jungles not at home in our rooms.

From the facts above, it’s obvious that everyone needs to read to get knowledge, information and also entertainment. Or in summary we can say reading is truly important in our life.

Tutorial

If you don't know how to search Materials, home-works or Practice,here the tutorial:

1. How to search Materials?

You may wondering how this blog works, so here is the tutorial of searching materials: 

     a. Click Material page
     b. Choose skill that you have already learnt.
         Example: Your material is connected about reading then click reading.
     c. You will see list of posts about reading.
     d. You roll down the page until you found the topic you want.
        Example: you learnt about narrative, then you search narrative on that page.h


2. How to search Home-works:
You may wondering how this blog works, so here is the tutorial of searching home-works:

      a. You should do is seeing pages on this blog.
      b. Choose skill that you have already learnt on the sub-page.

          Example: Your home-work is about reading then click reading.
      c. You click topic that you asked for.

           Example: you learnt about narrative, then you click narrative on the sub-page.

3 . How to search Practices:
      a. After opening this blog, you should click Practice page.

      b. Then, click the subpage (ex: Reading subpage).

      c. Search the title of practice that you want.

Or

• After opening this blog, you should look at content sidebar.
• Then, search what you want ( ex: If you want to search Practice for reading titled hortatory, you should search the name of hortatory under reading for practice label).
• Click the link you want.

Narrative miiko desu

Read this comic and answer the questions!

http://www.mangareader.net/940-38017-1/miiko-desu/chapter-6.html 

Narrative questions

Quiz

1 / 10

1. What is the title of the chapter you read?
   1.   Miiko desu
   2.   Suprises in spring
   3.   April fool
   4.   Mommy's lieness
2. What is the name of main Character?
   1.   Tapeii
   2.   Mamoru
   3.   Yuka chan
   4.   miiko
3. What did Miiko want so much?
   1.   Ice cream
   2.   wallet
   3.   Bag
   4.   Money
4. What is april fool?
   1.   A sad day
   2.   A holiday day.
   3.   A day when people play practical joke.
   4.   A haapy day
5. When is April fool happen?
   1.   In summer
   2.   In spring
   3.   In winter
   4.   In fall
6. What did Miiko do to Mamoru in April fool?
   1.   She told Mamoru that his girlfriend went with a cool guy.
   2.   She told Mamoru that his girlfriend went with her mother.
   3.   She told Mamoru that his girlfriend went with their mother.
   4.   She told Mamoru that his girlfriend went with her brother.
7. What did Miiko's mother tells Miiko when Miiko is beeging for a new bag?
   1.   Her mother tell Miiko that her father will get a lot of money.
   2.   Her mother tell Miiko that her father will be fired soon!
   3.   Her mother tell Miiko that her father will buy the for her.
   4.   Her mother tell Miiko that she want to discuss it with her father first.
8. What Miiko did when she were being told that?
   1.   Searching her father.
   2.   Searching wallet.
   3.   Searching a new bag.
   4.   Searching for a job.
9. What did make Miiko realize that she was being fooled by her mom?
   1.   Her friend told her.
   2.   her brother told her.
   3.   Her father told her.
   4.   Her mother told her.
10. What expression did Miiko say to her mom after that?
    1.   You are so mean!
    2.   You are so beautiful!
    3.   You are so kind!
    4.   You are so attractive!